Children with chronic illnesses often face unique challenges in the classroom. Nevertheless, they are empowered by the right to a full and appropriate education. Under federal and state laws, schools are required to provide support and accommodations to help these students learn, keep up with their peers and participate in school life to the greatest extent possible.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act are two key laws that protect the educational rights of children with chronic illnesses. These laws recognize that chronic conditions such as diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, asthma, Crohn’s disease and autoimmune disorders can limit a student’s ability to attend school regularly or perform certain tasks. As a result, schools must evaluate and respond to the student’s individual needs.
Accommodations and access
Depending on the severity of the condition at issue, and how it affects learning, a child may qualify for either an Individualized Education Program (IEP) under IDEA or a Section 504 Plan. An IEP offers specialized instruction and services tailored to the student’s needs, while a 504 Plan provides accommodations such as modified schedules, permission to rest during the day, extended time on assignments or access to medications during school hours.
For children who cannot attend school full-time due to medical treatments, flare-ups or hospitalizations, home or virtual instruction may be arranged. Schools are required to ensure that these students can still access the curriculum and make academic progress, even if they are physically unable to be in the classroom for extended periods.
Schools also must prevent discrimination and ensure that students with chronic illnesses are not excluded from extracurricular activities, field trips or other school events. Teachers and staff should receive appropriate training to understand a child’s condition and respond to any health-related needs during the school day.
Every child deserves the chance to learn, grow and thrive — regardless of their health challenges. The law acknowledges this fact. However, it may be necessary for a parent to take legal action to make sure that their child gets the support to which they’re entitled under the law.